But psychedelic mushrooms are unique in delivering spiritually healing experiences and positive mental health outcomes. So magic mushrooms exist to spread fungal magic mushroom spores and reproduce. More specifically, the psychedelic prodrug psilocybin naturally occurs in multiple genera and species of fungi, the mostly underground kingdom of life that produces mushrooms as fruiting bodies. Magic mushrooms aren’t like other drugs that have to be produced in a laboratory – they grow in the wild. This page includes puictures kindly contributed by David Kelly.This article has been medically reviewed by Katrina Oliveros, MSN-ED, BSN Taxonomic history and synonym information on these pages is drawn from many sources but in particular from the British Mycological Society's GB Checklist of Fungi. Panaeolina foenisecii, the Brown Mottlegill or Mower's Mushroom, is very similar in colour but is usually larger and does not have a pointed cap.įascinated by Fungi, 2nd Edition, Pat O'Reilly 2016, reprinted by Coch-y-bonddu Books in 2022.ĭictionary of the Fungi Paul M. Panaeolus semiovatus, the Dung Roundhead, is usually larger and does not have a pointed cap. These so-called Magic Mushrooms can be found in Britain and Ireland throughout summer and autumn. Although sometimes seen on lawns and in lowland meadows it does not grow on dung. This poisonous saprobic grassland mushroom is most often found on upland pastures, notably on hill slopes. Do not taste Psilocybe semilanceata because it is hallucinogenic, and some people have required hospital treatment after eating this species. The olive-grey free gills turn purple-black as the spores mature.Ībove: cheilocystidia (cystidia standing out from the gill edges) of Psilocybe semilanceata. The caps usually have a distinct pimple on the top. Ranging from 0.5 to 2cm in diameter, the cream-coloured caps have striations that become more pronounced with age and in dry weather. The etymology of this name is based on physical features: the generic name Psilocybe means 'smooth head', while semilanceata means 'half spear-shaped'. ![]() (Most of the gilled mushrooms were included initially in the genus Agaricus!) In 1871 German mycologist Paul Kummer transferred this species to the genus Psilocybe, renaming it Psilocybe semilanceata. This species was first described in 1838 by the great Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries, who named it Agaricus semilanceatus. They are treated in UK Law in the same way as dried magic mushrooms, because whether fresh or dried they have the same Class A drug status as Heroin, LSD and Cocaine. As of July 2005, fresh psilocybin mushrooms are now also controlled. It is our understanding that it is illegal to possess or to sell psilocybin in the UK. Because this substance, which occurs in Magic Mushrooms and some related fungi, occasionally causes alarming symptoms including vomiting, stomach pains and anxiety attacks, Liberty Caps are probably best treated with caution (some people even decide to treat them as poisonous). This species contains the compound psilocybin. The common name Magic Mushroom is, of course, a reference to the hallucinogenic nature of this grassland species Psychoactive alkaloid content Some of these little mushrooms do indeed look like spears, although many have wiggly stems uncharacteristic of spear shafts. The specific epitet semilanceata comes from semi- meaning 'half'and - lanceata which means 'spear-shaped'. Psilocybe, the genus name, means 'smooth head' - a reference to the silkily mooth, scaleless surface of caps of these grassland mushrooms. ![]() ![]() Distributionįairly frequent in Britain and Ireland, where it is rather localised, Psilocybe semilanceata occurs throughout Europe and is found also in North America. It is most commonly found on pasture and parkland that has not been enriched with artificial fertiliser. Psilocybe semilanceata, commonly known in the UK as the Magic Mushroom, and in the USA as Liberty Cap, appears in grassland in autumn. ![]() Phylum: Basidiomycota - Class: Agaricomycetes - Order: Agaricales - Family: Strophariaceaeĭistribution - Etymology - Taxonomic History - Psychoactivity - Identification - Reference Sources
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